Roles of MicroRNAs in the Cell Cycle

Roles of MicroRNAs in the Cell CycleEvaluate the roles of microRNAs in the kiosk calendar method and explain the consequences of disruption to microRNA activity in named diseasesIntroductionThe nominal head and activity of various proteins be required in the boothular telephone circle progression.(1) The regulation of these protein aims is vital for the understanding of the cadrephone stave control and its dysregulation. The dysregulation results heritable mutation related diseases. For instance, over typeface of cyclins or the elimination of CDK inhibitors or pRB due to agenttical mutation argon common cause in world terminatecer.(2) Therefore, the comme il faut control of protein levels is crucial for the cell speech rhythm.MicroRNAs are 22-25 nucleotide non-coding RNAs.(3) It is post- transcriptional repressor of informational RNA control the stability and translation of protein-coding mRNAs. (1, 3). MiRNAs bind the 3 untranslated region (3UTR) of stub mRNAs. T he binding of miRNA- protein complexes to mRNA causes translation inhibition or destabilisation of scratch transcripts.(1) This is resulting in the take downregulation of the protein encoded by mRNA.Figure 1 microRNA as post-transcription inhibitor in protein encoding (4)MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell pedal regulators that controls cell proliferation.(1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also flow to proliferative diseases such as crabby person. MiRNAs that linked to kind cancers, known as oncomirs. These are divided into two group, those miRNAs that are up set in cancer which are promising to be acting as oncogenes and those downregulated in cancer which are apt(predicate) to be acting as tumour suppressors.(5)Approximately 30-60 % of the human genome, regulated by miRNAs. As a consequence, any modulations of the quarry transcript looking, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. Therefore, miRNAs could consider as cancer targets.Besides cancer, nigh miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. For instance, miR-26b upregulated in Alzerimers disease, (6) miR 96 causes nonsyndromic progressive hearing harm (7) and miR -184 causes Familial Keratoconus with Cataract.(8)Nevertheless, some miRNAs genes are beneficial display antiproliferative properties.(1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR 16 1 in continuing lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle hear at the G1 var. by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (9)As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one(a) third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases.(10) Therefore, it is intrinsic to evaluate its role in the cell cycle and its dysregulation.The different roles of MicroRNAs in the cell cycleThe understanding of miRNA has join ond over the past 10 years, and particularly the involvement of miRNAs in cancer. Nowadays, cancer is a common disease, which occurs to one third of the population. There are lots of cancer treatments available, however to come in an effective treatment is still challenging.(9) Therefore, it is important to develop a young treatments with less side effect are greatly demanded. A greater understanding of miRNA could possibly lead to better diagnostic and treatment of cancer.(9)Let-7 Let-7 has an all-important(a) role in cell cycle and the differentiation of cell cycle terminals. Let-7 is coded by 12 genes these are produced from the eight genomic loci. These 12 genes are turn up at a region, which is frequently deleted in cancer. Throughout the lung cancer examination, it has been showed that a low level of let-7 rel ates to the poor prognosis. The expression of let-7 induces the suppression growth of cell and human tumour cell lines.(12) Over-expression of let-7 in lung cancer causes the lowered cell division and stopped the progression of cell cycle. Ras, Caspase-3 and HMGA2 genes are targeted by let-7 for controlling tumour growth. Further much, let-7 represses number of cell cycle regulator gene cyclin D1, cyclin A, cyclin D3, CDK4 and CCNA2, CDK6, CDC25A and CDK8. (13)MiR-15a/16 Chromosome 13q14 region is frequently deleted in more than 50% of the B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This region of the chromosome includes the expression of miR-15a/16 clomp. Further studies have identified that miR-15a/16 is set at the 30 kb region of the loss chromosome in CLL. (14) In CCL patients, about 70% of the patients have miR-15a and miR-16 either deleted or down regulated same applies to gastric cancer and pituitary adenomas cell lines. The miR-15a and miR-16 target cell cycle regulators such as cyclin D1, cyclin D3, cyclin E1 and CDK6, this causes the cell cycle intercept during the G1 sort.(13) miR-15 and miR-16 in colon cancer cell lines presented with a high level of down-regulated transcripts for gene related to cell-cycle progression. Moreover, the high expression of miR16 which leads to increase G0 and G2 phase accumulation through with(predicate) down-regulating the gene expression of cell cycle, CARD10, CDK6 and CDC27. These endorsed the miR15a and miR16 associated with complex gene expression.(12)Figure 2 Cell cycle and proteins that are involved in the cycle. (11)MiR-17/20 The miR-17/20 induces suppression of tumour growth in the mammilla cancer and human B-cell line it encodes 6 mature miRs in a 1 kb region. MiR-17/20 target several cell cycle regulators, including E2F, Rb, c-myc and cyclin D1, for the time control of cell cycle. At G1 phase (figure 2) , Cyclin D1 and c-myc are bring forth and inactivation of E2F1 when bind to Rb. The transition o f G1 to S phase of the cell cycle requires the miR-17/20 cluster.(13) The miR-17 family might involve in inhibit or kick upstairs cellular proliferation. In a low level of mitogenic stimulation, miR-17 possible involves in the E2F signalling maintenance to be at a level below verge for proliferation. Furthermore, the missing miR-17-19 cluster has been identified in many malignancies, and disruption of miR-17 expression possible reduces the proliferation of certain dumbbell cancer cell lines. The suppression of on an irregular basis high E2F activation, the apoptosis response might be eliminated by the miR-17-92 cluster, and so this function as an oncogene. Subsequently, in various solid and haematopoietic malignancies are tack together to have amplificated and over-expressed miR-17 family. These have indicated that miR-17/20 play a essential role in cellular proliferation and progression of malignancies. (12)MiR-221/222The regulation of cell cycle by miR-221/222, which it targets the CDK inhibitors. The miR-221 and miR-222 ectopic expression initiate CDK2, aiding the transition of G1 to S phase of cell cycle and p27kip2 and p57kip2 are negatively regulated which lead to increase tumour growth. This is frequently identified in human heart cancer tissues.(13) In addition, miR-221 and miR-222 act as a direct regulator of p27. The over-expression of this cluster increases cellular proliferation and allowed anchorage growth independently. The suppression of miR221 and miR-222 initiated G1 phase arrest in breast cancer cell lines. It is found that miR-221/222 is over-expressed in several human tumors. (12)Table 1 miRNA genes and clusters that target cell cycle regulators and its deregulation in cancer. (1)MiRNA related diseasesChronic Lymphocytic LeukaemiaChronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) occurs due to the homozygous or heterozygous deletion of the chromosomal region 13q14.3. MiR 15a and miR -16-1 are located in this region as shown in Calin et als study.(9, 15) This provided evidence that miRNAs might be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL and other human cancers.(9) These genes were found to be deleted in 68 % of CLL patients.(15) MiR-15a and miR-16-1 leads to the inhibition of tumour growth by negatively regulate BCL2 anti-apoptotic gene.(9) They also induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase by targeting cell cycle regulators cyclin D1, cycline D3, cyline E1 abd CDK6.(9) The deletion of miR-15a and miR-16-1 associated with CLL patients phenotypes the loss of these two genes accelerates B- lymphocytes proliferation by modulating genes expression controlling cell-cycle progression.(9) As consequences, CLL clinical features occurs. rapper cancerbreast cancer is oestrogen hormone dependant disease. embrace cancer occurs when the number of oestrogen receptors (ER) increase abnormally. Alb1 genes are oncogenes in breast cancer. It enhances the transcriptional activity of the ER and E2F1 and other transcription factors. (16) Alb1 is a rat e-limiting factor for oestrogen. (16) E2F1 is involving in growth hormonesignalling pathway and mediated breast cancer cells growth. (16) From the Hossain et als study, mir-17-5p play a role of tumour suppressor, which controls the cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. (16) In cell culture experiment, AlB1 expression was downregulated by mir-17-5p through translational inhibition. This resulted in decreased ER and cancer cellsproliferation. As mir-17-5p binds to the cyclin D1 3UTR in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells . It inhibits cyclin D1 expression, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest.(9)ConclusionMicroRNAs are crucial in the cell cycle. The Mitchell et als study has shown that miRNAs displayed high stability in tissue from human plasma. (17) It is possible that miRNA might be useful biomarker to indicate disease state. Moreover, the demo of miRNA profiles are potential for distinguishing a development of tumours inauguration and miRNA that acts li ke tumour suppressor in cancer.(18) From Lu et als study, they have demonstrated that there are lower miRNA expression in poorly differentiated as compared to highly differentiate tumour which is genuinely interesting fact and provide evidence to shoe that possibility that miRNA could utilised in disease diagnostics. (19) Therefore, further researches should carry out to gain more understandings and invent more effective treatment.References1. Bueno J, Mara., Malumbres M. MicroRNAs and the cell cycle. 20111812(5)592601.2. Malumbres M, Barbacid M. To cycle or not to cycle a critical decision in cancer. Nat rev Cancer. 20011(3)222-31.3. Carleton MC, A., Michele. Linsley,S.,Peter. MicroRNAs and Cell Cycle Regulation. Cell cycle. 2007 September 16(17)2127-32.4. The consider of microRNA image on the internet. 2013 cited 2014 February 4. operational from http//www.fireflybio.com/introduction_to_microRNA.5. Johnson CD, Esquela-Kerscher A, Stefani G, Byrom M, Kelnar K, Ovcharenko D, et al. The let-7 microRNA represses cell proliferation pathways in human cells. Cancer Res. 200767(16)7713-22.6. Absalon S, Kochanek DM, Raghavan V, Krichevsky AM. MiR-26b, upregulated in Alzheimers disease, activates cell cycle entry, tau-phosphorylation, and apoptosis in postmitotic neurons. J Neurosci. 201333(37)14645-59.7. Menca ea. Mutations in the set out region of human miR-96 are responsible for nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss. disposition Genetics. 200941(5)609-13.8. Hughes AE, Bradley DT, Campbell M, Lechner J, Dash DP, Simpson DA, et al. Mutation Altering the miR-184 Seed Region Causes Familial Keratoconus with Cataract. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 201189(5)628-33.9. MicroRNA in Cancer Spinger Science and Business Media Dordrecht 2013 cited 2014 February 2. ready(prenominal) from http//books.google.co.uk/books/about/MicroRNA_in_Cancer.html?id=RS8qLrSkdkgC.10.Yang MM, Joerg. Discovery, biology and therapeutic potential of RNA interference, microRNA and an tagomirs. 2008117(1)94104.11. Cohen B. The image of cell cycle image on the internet. 2013 cited 2014 February 4. Available from http//www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/neoplasia-vii-cancer-critical-genes-and-familial-cancer-syndromes/ pad/6316935.12. Chivukula R, Raghu. Mendell,T., Joshua. Circular reasoning microRNAs and cell-cycle control. October 200833(10)474-81.13. Yu Z, Baserga R, Chen L, Wang C, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. microRNA, Cell Cycle, and Human Breast Cancer. American Journal of Pathology, The. 2010176(3)1058-64.14. Cho WC. OncomiRs the discovery and progress of microRNAs in cancers. Molecular Cancer Internet. 2007 2007-09-25 cited 2014 Febuary 5 6(1)60 p.. Available from http//www.molecular-cancer.com/content/6/1/60.15. Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, Noch E, et al. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 200299(24).16. Hossain A, Kuo MT, Saunders GF. Mir-17-5p Regulates Breas t Cancer Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting exposition of AIB1 mRNA. Molecular and Cellular Biology. Novemble 200626(20).17. Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, Fritz BR, Wyman SK, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008105(30)10513-8.18. Hydbring PV-B, Gayane. Clinical applications of microRNAs F1000Research. 2014.19. Lu J, Getz G, Miska EA, Alvarez-Saavedra E, Lamb J, Peck D, et al. MicroRNA expression profiles severalise human cancers. Nature. 2005435(7043)834-8.

Causes fast economic development in India and China

Causes fast scotch suppuration in India and ChinaSince twenty-first century, Chinas national saving has primary(prenominal)tained a fruit reckon of more or less 10%, which is called a miracle in the history of the world economy (Cai, 2007). Indias economy has also made remarkable increment. During 2002 to 2006, the frugal growth rate r all(prenominal)ed 7.8%. Since the yr 2003 2004, the Indian economy has shown continuous rapid growth from 2003 to 2007, Indias average one-year sparing growth rate reached 7.5%, 8.5%, 9.4% and 9.6% (Mohan, 2008). In order to analysis the causes of such fast scotch development in the two countries, this analyse result firstly introduce the basic framework of assailable establishment proposed by Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn and how understanding of this scheme burn down instruct the development of stinting development. Subsequently, this essay will analyze the key factors that spelling the increasingly rise of economy in China and India, such as the population change, the investment on restore assets, the engine room development and the institutional improvement, based on the blustering system theory. Finally, the essay will give a conclusion of the overall analysis.The open system theoryDaniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn (1978) proposed a theory structure of open-systems theory including in institutionalise signals, switching, outputs and recycling. Inputs contain capital, raw materials, and employees. Also, about intangible influences, such as own(prenominal) rewards, satisfaction, recognition, or status. Products or services argon created through the transformation answer using employee, raw materials by facilities such as machine and computer. These products or services are delivered to customers. Through the recycling, the profit obtained becomes the input again to deprave raw materials or pay employees. There are also some subsystems which is life-sustaining to the development of organization. Understand the organization is an open system different than a closed system can be a prominent help for any organization to develop through change the external environment such as improvement of the education level, technology, facilities or structure systems.Key factors for the stinting development in China and IndiaRarick, A. C., Nickerson, I. and Olan, M. (2007, pp. 19-22) thought that the offset of scotch in China and India is because the low labor cost, however, there are some key factors spelling the sparing booming of China and India. all over the retiring(a) decade, China and Indias economy has undergone tremendous change, which is mainly determined by enhancement of input and transformation of an open system such as the growth of human capital (labor), basic production capacity (noted as the amount of fixed asset investment) as well as expert and institutional factors.1. The reduction of the population. Personnel are the most important input of the open system. We alth of population resources sees the economic growth of China and Indias massive demand for labor. However, over-population also will burden the economic and social development. To agree the economic development of China, early in 1978, family planning was taken as a basic national policy of China. Over the past decade, Chinas economic growth has been enjoying the dividends of the population, but population growth slip aways to decline (Zhang, 2008). India has the same concerns in the treatment of population problem, the family planning made population growth rate of India downward.2. The profitd investment in fixed assets. Transformation in the open system plays transfer input to output, through all kinds of tools and equipment. Hence, the fixed assets as the tools and equipment should be placed on a lot emphasis to ensure the normal operation of an organization. Understating this point, China and India increased the investments in fixed asset. heady asset investment is the primary means of reproduction of social fixed assets. Through the construction and purchase of fixed assets, the national economy continue to adopt advanced technology and equipment, establish new departments, and further congeal the regional distribution of economic structure and productivity to enhance the economic strength (Chen, 2009). Investment in fixed assets reflects the production capacity progress of a country in large extent, so the investment changes in fixed assets can reflect in the relationship of productivity and economic growth. Over the past decade, total investment in fixed assets in China were 10% increase per year to maintain the state of supportive growth, and GDP also showed a positive correlation, about 10% increase per year. Indias economy has maintained a 10% annual growth trend, the changes in total fixed asset investment kept positive growth of about 10% per year.3. The development of technology. As an important input, technology is a critical factor wh ich decides the competitiveness of an organization. Over the past decade, under the management of science and technology are productive forces, by taking the admission idea of combining absorption and independent research and development, technological regeneration capability of Chinas culture and practical results obtained significant improvement. Popularization of Chinas IT technology and products in some aspects and some areas have caught up and even more than demonstrable countries. Technology development strategy transferred from the early introduction of technology to the main goal of the original innovation. Adhering to the ideas of integrated innovation and secondary innovation, many interior(prenominal) enterprises have taken wide progress in innovation, and some companies changed the work model from low-cost, low value-added Made in China to the gritty prices, high value-added global manufacturing strategy, and achieved good economic results. As can be seen, tech nical foul progress provided a great deal of power for Chinas sustained economic growth. For India, each government of India have attached great importance to the technological development, the government has developed a series of policies to promote scientific and technological progress and established comprehensive technology management system. Over the past decade, advances in science and technology achievements in India have attracted worldwide attention. The stage of internationalization of Indias cutting-edge personnel training, software development, international service outsourcing and bio-medicine has amend the national resources investments focus on in space, nuclear energy and contrasted sensing. Information technology and biotechnology has become Indias two knowledge-based industries. For example, Indian underlying Government formulated a national drug policy, and these drugs policy contend an important role in promoting the Indian pharmaceutic industry. Currently, the Indian pharmaceutical industry accounts for 8% partake of global production, and the output value of share is 1.8%. Indias economic development in the past decade shows the development of Indias technology strength has played a significant role in promoting economic growth (Pradhan, 2006).4. Institutional improvement. Institutions, laws and regulations are proponents in the open system, which possess great impact on the development of an organization. In other words, improving or reforming these items can develop the economic development. In the new century, China put forward the scientific development concept to guide economic development, and took a series of new Institutional innovation around scientific development. Chinas economic system, the changing approach to the ongoing adjustment of the world economy and home(prenominal) economic situation, successfully promoted the emancipation and development of productive forces. Chinas economic system reform is one of the fundam ental driving forces of economic growth. India launched a liberalization, marketization, globalisation and privatization as the characteristics of the new economic policy, that is, relaxing the restrictions on private economic development, accelerating the reform of state-owned economy, changing from a planned to market, implementing market economic development model. India has started a comprehensive economic reform, reform involved foreign cover system, industrial policy, and finance fields. The series of institutional change caused by the performance of this line became the important promoter to advance Indias economy continues to change for the better. closureA good understanding and application of open system can be greatly helpful for the development of economy. Considering the external environment influences and each sector of the open system can markedly affect the solely open system and further exert an impact on the economic development, China and India improved a lot in the input and transformation sectors of an open system. Aside from the labor source, that is, the low cost labor forces mentioned in Rarick, A. C., Nickerson, I. and Olan, M. (2007, pp. 19-22), as supplement of the Raricks research, the key factors that make the astonishing economic development of China and India are analyzed and proposed, containing the reduction of population, the increased investment in fixed assets, the great development of technology and the institutional improvement and reformation. The abovementioned factors as well as the labor source are all critical to ensure the economic development in China and India, making them on the top list of countries with most fast economic growth rate.

Journalist Freedom Contempt

Journalist set downdom disrespectJournalist Freedom ContemptThe protection of a diary keepers extension is of such vital importance for the utilization of his even up to emancipation of materialization that it mustinessiness(prenominal), as a matter of course of study, neer be allowed to be infringed upon, save perhaps in very extraordinary draw (Judge de Meyer, Goodwin v. UK, 1996).Consider whether subsection 10 of the Contempt of judiciary transaction 1981, as judicially interpreted and applied, reflects the above position.This paper bequeath purport to efficaciously consider whether section 10 of the Contempt of Court flake 1981, as judicially interpreted and applied, reflects Justice Meyers military position in Goodwin v. join landed estate. Therefore, it will be necessary to outline what is meant by the freedom of ex turn onion and section 10 of the Contempt of Court morsel (CCA) 1981, in the context of diarists and the protection of their descents, s o as to determine their nature and scope.Then, chase on this, it will be necessary to consider how the two relate and the problems with looking to recognise this relationship, before looking specifically at the ending in Goodwin v. coupled Kingdom, how the law has since developed, and how such matters agree been dealt with in or so some other(prenominal) jurisdiction, so as to effetively conclude upon this issue.Therefore, to begin with it is important to recognise the point that, for any journalist, defend the hush-hushity of their sources is an integral part of their work because of the position that they would be unable(p) to carry out their jobs effectively without the trust of primary sources on the scene of some of the biggest news stories Accordingly, throughout the past two decades slope greets set about at stressed the growing importance of freedom of ex laborion and entertain become more willing to countenance the citation of authority from other juri sdictions Therefore, in some cases, English tribunals get to even g hotshot so farthermost as to in incorporated a statement of principle from send-off Amendment doctrine, as it is as well as widely chthonicstood the European human justs frame generally supports journalists effective to refuse to reveal their sources. This is effectively illustrated by the nature and scope of Article 10 of the European host on clement Rights (ECHR) 1950 that was effectively codified into our domestic sanctioned system by the jurisprudence of the military man Rights make a motion 1998.Accordingly, in keeping with their membership of the European residential district as a whole UK domestic law overly offers some form of protection for journalists and their sources before a court of law low section 10 of the Contempt of Court effect (CCA) 1981.However, whilst section 10 of the CCA 1981 codifies the idea that in that respect is not a court in the countrified that can require someone to disclose the source of info that is contained in the way out that they are responsible for, and nor are they guilty for refusing to do so, unless it is effectively found that manifestation is necessary in the view of the courts in the minded(p) quite a little, it is important to recognise the fact that this provision whitethorn not be keeping with Justice Meyers aforesaid(prenominal) view.Moreover, as several journalists have recognised, journalists can only appeal against an order for disclosure if they are in person party to litigation and, where this is allied with section 14 of the same Act it would seem that domestic law in this area is particularly stringent.However, it must be stressed that neither the ECHR 1950 nor domestic law confers a right upon anyone to broadcast time, since Article 10 simply confers a right not to have feeler to reality media denied on discriminatory, arbitrary, or false grounds.This view is effectively illustrated by the Privy Council c onclusion in gum benjamin v. minister of Information Broadcasting where the court quashed the respondents stopping point to suspend Mr Benjamins phone-in programme on Anguillan radio. Therefore, the Privy Council held that although Mr Benjamin had no right to broadcast, he did have the right not to have his access denied on arbitrary and capricious grounds.As a result, it must also be recognised that, correspond to the courts in this field, the necessity for any parturiency on freedom of expression must be convincingly established, according to the purpose in Sunday Times v. United Kingdom. This is because the court in this case was faced with a principle of freedom of expression, exclusively it is not sufficient that the interference involved belongs to that class of the exceptions listed in bind 10(2) neither is it sufficient because its subject-matter fell within a particular syndicate or was caught by a legal rule formulated in general or absolute terms.Moreover, their has been some judicial discuss regarding what is meant by the limited circumstances proscribed in section 10 of the CCA 1981, where the courts may find journalists in discourtesy for looking to protect their sources, and as to whether this is a fair reflection of Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 by comparing the views of headmaster Justice Schiemann in Camelot Group plc v. Centaur Communications Limited and master Justice Sedley in Financial Times Ltd v. Interbrew SA.This is effectively illustrated by the finis in deposit of severalize for Defence v. Guardian countersignpapers Ltd where Lord Diplock said, exceptions embarrass no reference to the public bet generally and the expression rightness is in the technical sense of the administration of arbitrator in the course of legal proceedings. Therefore, The Guardianhad to reveal the identity of Sarah Tisdall, a brass employee who photocopied a document showing American cruise missiles due to arrive in England, who w as jailed as a result.However, despite the fact that it was verbalise in the decision of Ashworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd that there can be no dubiousness now that both section 10 and name 10 enhance the freedom of the press by protecting journalistic sources, it is perhaps little wonder the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has command that a journalist has the right to protect belowground sources except in these narrowly-de beautifuld circumstances. This is because, on a lower floor Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 1950, a journalist must reveal a confidential source where vital public or individual takes are at stake. entirely it is very difficult to point when such circumstances will arise. This is because, specifically, in the decision of Goodwin v. United Kingdom, the journalist in this case (a pass oniam Goodwin) refused to reveal the confidential source of damaging culture relating to a particular company Tetra and the info rmation supplied to Goodwin was found to have come from a draft secret corporate plan that had gone missing from the company so that Tetra suspected a disloyal employee or collaborator.As a result, the company in interrogation alleged that the information was stolen and that its publication could damage the companys temperament and future business prospects, so this meant that the domestic tribunals in the UK sided with the company, barring the publication of the information and ordering the journalist to reveal his source. However, the journalist refused and was held in contempt of court and fined 5,000 downstairs section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 that was upheld by the Court of Appeal and then the House of Lords.This meant the House of Lords specifically applied the principle expounded by Lord Reid in the decision of Norwich Pharmacal Co v. Customs Excise Commissioners when upholding the Court of Appeals decision that tell if through no fault of his own a person ge ts coalesce up in the tortious acts of others he comes under a trade to assist the person who has been wrongedBut the journalist then looked to file a complaint with the European human rights system, arguing that his right to freedom of expression under the ECHR 1950 had been violated. Therefore, the ECtHR ruled the order to reveal the journalistic source and the fine imposed on the journalist for refusing to do so was incompatible with the ECHR 1950. much(prenominal) a view was decided upon because the Court well-grounded the protection of journalistic sources is one of the basic conditions for press freedom because without such protection, sources may be deterred from assisting the press in informing the public on matters of public interest.This was back up by the fact that it was recognised in the decision of Goodwin v. United Kingdom that the Protection of journalistic sources is one of the basic conditions for press freedom and is confirm in several inter case instrumen ts on journalistic freedoms because otherwise sources may be deterred from assisting the press. Therefore, this would mean the ability of the press to provide absolute and reliable information may be adversely affected so that source disclosure cannot be compatible with article 10 of the Convention unless it is justified by an overriding requirement in the public interest.The decision followed on from that of the House of Lords in X Ltd v. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers) Ltd so that Lord Bridge of Harwich echoed their consensus as they indicated how the approach to be adopted to section 10 of the CCA 1981 involved very much the same balancing exercise as is involved in applying Article 10 of the ECHR 1950.Lord Bridge reasoned that as to whether disclosure is necessary in the interests of justice gives rise to a more difficult problem of debateing one public interest against another and so, when commenting on Lord Diplocks dictum in Secretary of State for Defence v Guardian Newspaper s Ltd, to construe justice as the antonym of injustice in section 10 would be far too wide. But to confine it to the technical sense of the administration of justice seems too narrow Therefore, people should be enabled to exercise important legal rights and to protect themselves from serious legal wrongs.This means it will not be sufficient to show merely that he will be unable without disclosure to exercise the legal right or avert the menace legal wrong on which he bases his claim. As a result, the judges task will always be to weigh the importance of enabling the ends of justice to be attained in the circumstances of the particular case against the importance of protecting the source.However, the House of Lords decision in Reynolds v. Times Newspapers altered the approach to qualified privilege because it established special K law qualified privilege could apply to media publications and traditional profession and interest requirements could be satisfied by media publicat ions so that publishers had no falsifying even if they were not careless or published the material to help a general public interest.Therefore, with a generic approach, all such media publications would be protected unless claimants proved malice so that this means that, under the influence of the ECHR 1950, journalists confidential sources are accorded very strong protection in England, which makes it extremely difficult to prove malice. Moreover, a generic approach was jilted because its scope would be too narrow Instead, the House of Lords concluded common law qualified privilege should focus on the publications public interest qualitiesSimilarly in the more young decision of Ashworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd it was decided that the care of patients at Ashworth is fraught with bar and danger and The disclosure of the patients records increases that difficulty. This is because the court had had to decide whether to order disclosure of the identity of a hospital employee w ho had supplied confidential medical records on the Moors murderer Ian Brady to the Daily Mirrors investigations editor.Accordingly The sources disclosure was wholly inconsistent with the security of the records and the disclosure was made worse because it was purchased by a cash payment. As a result the court took a strict line with this decision because of the risk of further confidential information be disclosed for profit, supported by the earlier decision in Interbrew v. Financial Times Ltd Others.Nevertheless, in looking to compare these decisions with another jurisdiction, it is interesting to consider the fact that when flop attempted to justify its interference with journalists rights to freedom of expression on national security grounds, the ECtHR resolved the journalists complaints against the State in its decision in the case of Halis v. dud In this case the Turkish government imprisoned a journalist for publishing a book review that looked to express positive opini ons about aspects of the Kurdish breakaway movement.Therefore, the journalist was convicted domestically for violating the provisions of the Turkish prevention of Terrorism Act 1991 through the dissemination of propaganda about an illegal separatist terrorist organisation. As a result, when the journalist filed a complaint with the ECtHR, the State defended that its restraint was necessary to protect national security.Accordingly, the ECtHR found that the restriction in these circumstances was made pursuant to Turkish law and that the sensitive security bit and the use of violence by a separatist movement in Turkey and the measures taken by the government had the legitimate aim of protecting national security and public safety. But the ECtHR found that the conviction and suspend sentence of the journalist was not necessary in a pop society and that it violated the journalists right to freedom of expression.Similarly, in Sener v. Turkey, the owner and editor of a weekly Turkish paper was convicted of disseminating propaganda against the State for publishing an article that referred to the military attacks on the Kurdish population as genocide, when Turkey again defended its interference with freedom of speech on national security grounds, and the ECtHRs held that the State had once again violated the applicants right to freedom of expression.Moreover, in the more new-made decision of Dammann v. Switzerland, it was held that there had been a violation of Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 when a journalist had been prosecuted and fined for inciting a civil servant to disclose an official secret. The case arose because of the fact that the journalist had asked an administrative assistant to tell him whether a list of suspects of a recent robbery had any previous criminal convictions and she had supplied that information in wear out of official secrecy law.Therefore, with this in mind, the Court held that the journalists source could be protected because the infor mation supplied was a matter of great public interest and debate and the information in question could have been obtained by other means, such as through consulting law reports or press records.Similarly, the Irish Constitution has always recognised the freedom of expression because of the fact that, later on centuries of British rule ended in 1921, the new Irish state chose to draft its own written constitution. Therefore, with this in mind, the current Irish constitution has recognised the right to freedom of expression and also calls for the countrys authorities to prevent the media from undermining public order or morality, whilst also preserving the medias right of liberty of expression.But, in spite of this codification, Irish journalists and law reformers empathize that defamation decisions including Campbell-Sharp v. supreme Newspapers (IRE) Ltd have seriously impeded this right so that freedom of the press is seriously restricted. This is because of the fact that liabili ty costs have discouraged investigative journalism and activists in this area have desire parity with the other jurisdictions under Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 in go for as well as in statute.In conclusion, this means that in looking to effectively consider whether section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, as judicially interpreted and applied, reflects Justice Meyers aforementioned view in Goodwin v. United Kingdom, it is clear that, whilst there is little doubt this provision provides the courts with an important protocol to protect journalists sources, section 10 does not give unequivocal reinforcement to journalists professional duty of confidentiality so that, worryingly, it is not just in exceptional cases that the statutes protection is being overturned.However, whilst in view of the nature and scope of many of the more recent decisions, since that found in Goodwin v. United Kingdom, where the domestic courts have ordered disclosure, journalists even-tempered largely p lace their obligations towards their sources above anything to the court and the administration of justice under section 10 of the CCA 1981. This is because, in such circles, the freedom of expression under Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 is considered paramount and, as was the case in Goodwin v. United Kingdom, the matter can always be referred to the ECtHR for judgment should the domestic courts prove unduly restrictive.However, with this in mind, whilst one can only speculate what may be decided in cases like Ashworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd, it would appear, that specifically in this case, this might appear to fall within one of the exceptions provided by Article 10(2) of the ECHR 1950 namely, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence. Therefore, section 10 of the CCA 1981 appears quite reflective of Justice Meyers aforementioned view because of the limited circumstances where it has been infringed upon in domestic law before and after the decision in Goodwin v. United Kingdom.But, on the basis of the decisions in Turkey, Switzerland and Ireland, by way of comparison, it is all too clear that even where one of the exceptions under Article 10(2) of the ECHR 1950 is cited, it must be proved to the ECtHR satisfaction otherwise it will still apply.This is because such a view arises from the fact that since, as we have already recognised, the European Court of Human Rights has categorically stated that the right to freedom of expression must be guaranteed not only for information and ideas that are favourably received, exactly also for those that shock the State Therefore, it must be recognised that the right to freedom of expression would be missing if only statements acceptable to the government, and the majority, were allowed to be expressed so that all facts and opinions must be permitted, provided that they are not specifically restricted by the brass treaty.BibliographyFrazier. S Liberty of Expression in Ireland the Need fo r a positive impartiality of slander (1999) 32(2) Vanderbilt Journal of transnational Law 391Gordon. R. S, Ward. T Eicke. T The Strasbourg Case Law Leading Cases from the European Human Rights Reports Sweet maxwell (2001)Hare. I English Lessons in Comparative Public Law Will the First Amendment have the Last Word? (2000) 10 Trinity Law Review 29Hare. I Method Objectivity in Free Speech Adjudication Lessons From America (2005) 54(1) ICLQ 49Moncrieff. M No names unless the court decides otherwise The Guardian (08/04/02) (http//www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/apr/08/mondaymediasection4)Pasqualucci. J. M Criminal Defamation the Evolution of the article of faith of Freedom of Expression in International Law Comparative decree of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (2006) 29(2) Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 379Soames. M Privilege, yes, but it is to protect the public The Times (26/07/05)(http//www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8163-1705639,00.html)Weaver. R. L, Kenyon . A. T, Partlett. D. F Walker. C. P Defamation Law Free Speech Reynolds V. Times Newspapers and the English Media (2004) 37(5) Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 1255Table of CasesAshworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd 2002 UKHL 29Benjamin v. Minister of Information Broadcasting 2001 1 WLR 1040Camelot Group plc v. Centaur Communications Limited 1999 QB 124Campbell-Sharp v. Independent Newspapers (IRE) Ltd No. 5557 (Ir. H. Ct. May 6, 1997)Dammann v. Switzerland (Application No. 77551/01) ECtHR 2 May 2006Derbyshire County Council v. Times Newspapers Ltd 1993 AC 534Fernando v. Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (1996) 1 BHRC 104Financial Times Ltd v Interbrew SA 2002 EWCA Civ 274Goodwin v. United Kingdom (1996) 22 EHRR 123Halis v. Turkey 2005 ECtHR 3Interbrew v. Financial Times Ltd Others 2002 1 Lloyds Rep 542Jersildv.Denmarkjudgmentof 23rd September1994,SeriesAno.298Norwich Pharmacal Co v. Customs Excise Commissioners 1974 AC 133R v. British Broadcasting Corporation, ex parte ProLife Alliance 2004 1 AC 185Reynolds v. Times Newspapers 2001 2 AC 127Scharsach News Verlagsgesellschaft v. Austria (2003) ECtHR 596Secretary of State for Defence v Guardian Newspapers Ltd 1985 AC 339Sener v. Turkey 2000 ECtHR 377Sunday Times v. United Kingdom (1979) 2 EHRR 245X Ltd v. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers) Ltd 1991 1 AC 1Table of StatutesBunreacht na hEireann 1921 (as amended)Contempt of Court Act 1981European Convention on Human Rights 1950Human Rights Act 1998Turkish Prevention of Terrorism Act 1991

The Courage Of Children In Novels English Literature Essay

The Courage Of Children In Novels English Literature try onYou could consider the quest interrogatorys. What is meant by the courage of children? Does this, in the roundabout Books, refer to physical or psychological courage, or two? Do the books afford gender differences in their giveal of courage and, if so, are these signifi domiciliatet? How do differing auctorial techniques, such as narrative voice, focalisation and intertextuality admirer assure the readers awareness of courage? You could also consider the historical context of twain novels as part of your discussion.The critical articles in the Readers, DVD 1 and the DVD-ROM whitethorn all(prenominal) provide of import material for this essay.Kimberley Reynolds suggests, of the nineteenth century, that much fable was used quite consciously as a form of hearty control (DVD 1, no. 5). Investigate and determine how representative Little Women and revalue Island are of this trend.Notes on a potential bettermentF or this option, you great power necessitate to explore nineteenth-century ideological viewpoints of concepts such as family, gender, class and religion. It would be valuable to include some brief discussion of other contemporary texts. ane possible greet would be to consider the next questions. How do the novels conjecture their differing historical contexts? What demonstrate can be found for authorial intent, and how can differing prose techniques outlined on the DVD-ROM, including narrative voice, intertextuality and focalisation, help us progress to authorial intent?You might find it helpful to revise the material in performance 1.3 in the Study Guide as a starting signal signal point.Explore Peter Hollindales claim that Peter Pan retains its magical snapshot and its ongoing unexampledity (Reader 2, p.159), with reference to different versions since its original production.Notes on a possible approachYou could consider some or all of the following questions. Which a spects of the play can be described as exceptionally modern? How have these been adapted to suit limited productions since the plays original stage context of use? How does Barries script present opportunities for alteration in relation to differing constructions of puerility? why is Peter Pan often regarded as a pantomime? equalize and contrast the idea of fairyland in Peter Pan and in William Allinghams poem The Fairies.Notes on a possible approachIt may be helpful to concentrate on a small number of specific scenes or extracts from Peter Pan for example, 1.1 (from line 315, Peters entrance to the end) or 3.1. You might want to consider the historical and generic context of each(prenominal) of the two texts. Does it proposition that champion text is a play and the other a poem, in terms of how differently they may have been presented and received?Activity 3.6 in the Study Guide could be a useful starting point when planning your essay.Childrens perceptions of, and perspecti ves on, the world around them are often delineate by childrens writers as inevitably incomplete and on that pointfore flawed. Evaluate this trace with reference to any three of the note Books in Block 4.Notes on a possible approachYou could consider some or all of the following questionsHow does each author represent the worldview of their child protagonist(s)?How does the structure of each novel, including such aspects as time-scale, narrative voice, dialogue, and a sense of place, help establish this?How do your chosen texts present differing, or similar, approaches to realism and aspects of fantasy?Is in that location a link between the uses of realism and fantasy, and representations of childrens perceptions and perspectives?Why might it matter if a childs perceptions of, and perspectives on the world around them are represented as flawed?You may find it useful to revise Part 1, sectionalization 1 Telling and Showing, and Section2 Focalisation, on the DVD-ROM.Discuss David Rudds falsification of the work of Enid Blyton (Reader 1, pp.168-82), in relation to the prestige conferred on two of the Set Books for Block4, one of which moldiness be either Harry ceramicist and the Philosophers Stone or Northern Lights.Notes on a possible approachYou could consider some or all of the following questionsWhat evidence is there for differing assessments of the popularity and quality of both(prenominal) Enid Blytons work and your two chosen texts?How can the mastery of a childrens book best be quantified?What differing views on the nature of childhood can be observed in the chosen books, and do these ineluctably represent the times in which they were written?How have the criteria for judging the merits of childrens writings changed since the eighteenth century?How does the postmodern picturebook set out to capture both the adult and the child readers interest?Notes on a possible approachYou could discuss which characteristics of a picturebook might invite the d escription of postmodern to be applied to it, drawing on a few examples. You could explore how the elements of a picturebook, including text, images, and paratext, combine to create meaning for both the child and adult reader. Is it possible to identify any elements as seemingly designed to appeal to particular age groupsWith reference to The Tale of Peter Rabbit and Voices in the Park, explore and evaluate the assertion by William Moebius that the best picturebooks can and do portray the intangible and invisible , ideas that escape easy definition in pictures or words (Reader 1, p. 314).Notes on a possible approachYou could consider, firstly, examples of concepts that might be described as intangible and invisible that are demonstrated in these two books. How do all the elements of these books unite to help create this? How do these help us understand the views of childhood, and of child readers, presented by the authors?You might adjure to include a comparison between the histori cal contexts of the two books and how to sterilise each one in relation to childrens picturebooks generallyRachel Falconer states that it is all-important(prenominal) that the books and films young people read and watch should address the domain of their lives (Reader 1, p.375). Is this view borne out by contemporary writing for children? Discuss with particular reference to three of the Set Books in Block 6.Notes on a possible approachYou could consider some or all of the following questions. What might the phrase the reality of their lives assume? Can the reality of contemporary life be explored by books set either in the historical past or an imagined emerging? Do any, or all, of the books you have chosen raise the ideological question of what is suitable for children (Hewings in the Study Guide, p.259)? Does the provision of a convenient exotic background (Hewings in the Study Guide, p.265) help child readers to confront tricky concepts, or perhaps hinder them?Peter Hunt a rgues that while childrens books radiate the underlying preoccupations of a culture, the most notable ones also challenge and cloud (Reader 1, p.72). Discuss this statement, with reference to three of the Set Books in Block 6.Notes on a possible approachYou might want to consider the following questions. How, if at all, do your chosen books reflect attitudes to childhood currently noticeable within society? What underlying preoccupations do you find reflected in them? How, if at all, might these books differ from other childrens books of their time? Can you identify evidence of the authors overt moral intention (Hewings in the Study Guide, p.260)? How can authorial choices, such as the use of direct or indirect speech, help influence the ways in which readers respond to the text?EMA the assignment manage either Option 1 or Option 2.Your assignment should be a maximum of 3000 words in length, excluding your list of references.Option 1Some idea of a child or childhood motivates wri ters and determines both the form and content of what they write. Consider how this statement, from Peter Hunts first article in Reader 1 (p.13), applies to any three of the Set Books. Your essay must draw on materials from at least two blocks of EA300.Option 2Discuss how the book that has most recently won the UK Carnegie Prize fits into the history and tradition of childrens literature. Your discussion should also refer to at least one of the Set Books

Ephedra Should Not be Banned :: Sports Athletics Steroids Health Essays

Ephedra Should Not be Banned Almost everyone loves master sports. People love to watch awesome athletes competing fiercely against each other. however now, more than ever, to make it in this world you go for to be the topper of the best. And multitude will go to many extreme lengths to be this musical mode. The economic consumption of steroids in professional sports is becoming more and more popular. The la exam way to lose weight, boost energy, and gain a more competitive bunt is by using nutritional supplements like the newest one joint fir. Ephedra causes reduced appetite and burns calories, which results in weight want. Ephedra exploded onto the moving-picture show in February of 2003 after a Baltimore Orioles pitcher died of awake stroke from using ephedra. It is not only used by athletes save now usage is particularly high because younger athletes want to be bigger, stronger, and faster and older athletes need to remain in shape and competitive. Anything that o ccurs of course is considered a food, as is ephedra. This means that ephedra does not have to be proven safe of efficient in the first place being put on the market. The NFL, the NCAA and the Olympics have all decided to ban ephedra. But supporters of ephedra conjecture that when used properly is safe and effective in weight loss and energy gain. They think it should be kept on the market for people who want to use it safely. On the other hand people against ephedra feel that since ephedra increases heart rate, speeds up the metabolism and reduces the bodys ability to modify itself that it is very dangerous and should be classified under the category of amphetamines, which are illegal drugs, and therefore should be banned. I think that ephedra should not be banned. Since they are illegal in sports I feel that before you are able to try out for a team you should have to have a drug test and each week they should carry everyone in high school, college, and professional spor ts to have to take a test too.

Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844â€89). Poems 1918, Spring and Fall: To a young child :: essays research papers fc

Gerard Manley Hopkins (184489). Poems 1918, Spring and Fall To a young childMRGART, re you greving Over Goldengrove unleaving? Leves, lke the things of man, you With your fresh thoughts care for, coffin nail you? h s the heart grows older 5 It will arise to such sights colder By and by, nor spare a sigh Though worlds of wanwood leafmeal prevarication And yet you wll weep and know why. Now no matter, child, the relate 10 Srrows sprngs re the same.Nor mouth had, no nor mind, evince What heart heard of, ghost guessed It s the blight man was natural(p) for, It is Margaret you mourn for.Gerard Manley Hopkins was an innovator whose poetry was not published until decades after his death. Hopkins was born in Stratford, Essex, which is near London. He attended Balliol College, University of Oxford. While attending the university, Hopkins was periodically occupied with verse writing. His passion for religion becomes clearly evident during this while through his poems. His poems reveale d a very Catholic character, most of them being abortive, the beginnings of things, ruins and wrecks, as he called them. (Gardner 6) In 1866, he converted to Roman Catholicism, during the Oxford movement. John henry Newman received him into the Roman Catholic Church. He left Oxford to become a priest, and entered the Jesuit Order in 1868. This is the time when Gerard Manley Hopkins presented a conflict of a man torn between two vocations, religion and the aesthetic world. He also presented a heroic struggle of a man who was so dedicated to one vocation that he deliberately sacrificed another profession based on the belief that God willed it to be so. Hopkins is well cognize for his creation of the term inscape. Inscape can be considered as an individual typical beauty. The sensation of inscape, any vivid mental image, is known as instress. (Gardner 11) For Hopkins, inscape was more than than sensory impression. It was an insight by Divine grace into an ultimate honesty by seei ng the pattern, air, and melody as it were Gods side. (Gardner 27) In "Spring and Fall", Hopkins demonstrates a separation between humanity and temper and a separation between humanity and God. His use of imagery and his clement tone allows the readers to make both distinctions and similarities between adult and child, nature and man, and conscious(p) and intuitive knowledge. The poem is addressed to a child.

History of Jamaica Essay -- Essays Papers

report of Jamaica capital of Ohio discovered Jamaica on May 5, 1494, one year later he heard of the existence of the island. However, the true history of Jamaica begins with the African-Jamaican people who came to the island xx historic period after the English took master from the Spaniards. The history of Jamaica can be broken up into different time periods, which were defined by corner moments or events. Jamaican history begins with the establishment of the native islanders called the Tainos who inhabited the island for hundreds of years before the discoveries of Columbus. (JNHT 1) The Tainos are a subgroup of the Arawak people who were head start native to southwest America. These indigenous groups traveled by canoe to the Caribbean islands hundreds of years prior to the arriver of Europeans. The Tainos developed the first social, political, and economical systems on the island of Jamaica. Their social system followed the beliefs of their many another(prenominal) gods who could be found in almost any material or animal. The political system constructed was similar to the hierarchy of many European countries with a Chief and nobles. The nobles acted as advisors to the Chief and every citizen in the tribe had a role in the community. Also regions were divided by geographical repair and ruled by chiefdoms. The Tainos economic system was basic and simple compared with the standards of today. It was establish on fishing and hunting from the surrounding environment. Large mounds were used to long-winded the process of erosion and to improve drainage to better the living conditions in the tropical climate. The fourth voyage of Columbus in 1494 established a Spanish influence in Jamaica. The original people of Jamaica, the Tainos, were severely devastated by the Spanish invasion. The Taino world declined every year after the arrival of Columbus due to the spread of new diseases which they had little immunity to. Having little admission fee to the already poor treatments and medicines available at the time furthered the decrease in Taino population. The Taino population decreased by more than half of their original population by 1598 because of Spanish presence. (Carley) New Seville became the first settlement built by the Spanish in 1510. Nueva Sevilla was governed by Columbus son Di... ...nging of the capital and political system was a shift in island productions from sugar to bananas. (Sherlock) The Great Depression, which affected everyone in the world during the 1930s, was another event that brought about positive changes in Jamaica. Jamaicas depression came towards the end of the United States depression. Coinciding with the depression was the leaf sleep with disease found on bananas causing exports to decrease as substantially as job opportunities. The decline in social conditions resulted in fag ou t riots that ended with the deaths of a few workers, but turned Jamaica into a self-Independent nation. The economic revolution can be characterized as a Cultural vicissitude because of the Jamaicans binding together in times of adversity and pushing for a more democratic system (Carley 195). The leader of the labor riots, Alexander Bustamante, became the first Prime Minister of Jamaica. In 1944, voting rights were given to all Jamaicans 21 and older also in 1944, the Jamaican Labor party gained control of the government. After years of struggles and repression from European dominance, Jamaica finally gained full independence from England on August 5, 1962. (JNHT 4)

Sight in Cathedral Essays -- Literary Review

Vision is something many lot take for disposed(p) every day. Society only deals with the matter of being blur if they argon the less fortunate ones. According to the braille Institute, every seven transactions a person in the United States drift offs their sight, often as smash of the aging process (1). Only two percent of legally blind people use a guide dog and thirty-five percent use a white posteriore. Blindness can be caused from divers(a) different types of things including (in order) age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related cataracts. (Braille 1). However being blind does not intend a person is in total darkness. Some people can see lights and the shapes of objects, but the most import thing is for family and friends to provide look ship to and encouragement. The last thing a person who has lost their sight wants is to lose their family and support, which will led to loneliness. Likewise, in the short story Cathedral, by Raymo nd Carvers, blindness is the key element in the story and shows in detail how the characters bear off it. The theme Carver conveys in the short story is being able-bodied to see without sight and is revealed through the characters, tone and plot of the story. The theme in the story of being able to see without sight is revealed through the characters in the story Cathedral. The husband is very judgmental, self-centered and shows a lack of friendship about blind people. This is obvious when he states, My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind move slowly and never laugh (1152). The husband is so quick to judge and thinks he already knows everything about blind people and how they are, so he makes it clear he was not looking forward to the blind man being in his stomach ... ...d the blind dumbfound and it was like Robert was no longer the blind person in the house (Caldwell 3). As a result, this shows him the way to gaining a better understanding of his have got self worth and heal from pass hurts by experiencing the transcendent of reputation of life.Works CitedAkers, Tim. Overview Cathedral. Short Stories for Students 6 (1999) 1-2. Literature Resource Center. Web. 16 Nov. 2010.Braille Institute Empowering visually impaired people to live fulfilling lives. Braille Institute. 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2010Caldwell, Tracey. Raymond Carvers Cathedral. Literary Contents in Short Stories (2006) 1-8. Literary Reference Center. Web. 5 Nov. 2010Carver, Raymond. Cathedral. Exploring Literature Writing and Arguing About Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. Ed. Frank Madden. 4th ed. current York Pearson Longman, 2009. 1151-61. Print

Tunnel Vision In Reading :: essays research papers

Reading involves translating symbols and letter into row or sentences. Anderson defines interpret as a process of constructing intend from a written text. We indulge in information for m whatever contrary purposes, be it survival, leisure or occupational. In a way, reading serves as a kind communication between the writer and the reader. The writer encodes what he or she wishes to convey while the reader decodes according to his or her avouch perception. Johnson quotes A young man should read five hours in a day, and so may acquire a great deal of knowledge. However, at that place as several enigmas which hinders the reading process, one of them being tunnel vision. This is a condition experienced by most readers especially beginners. This is because they deprivation non opthalmic selective information when trying to digest certain texts. Non visual information is what is stored in the brain, prior knowledge or specific information which go out enable the brain to assoc iate with whatever is received through the look thus bringing comprehension to the readers mind when reading a text. The inability of the brain to use this information due the over-load of visual information, will cause it to take on more time to make decisions on what are seen. For example, a student unfamiliar with certain words in a purposely distorted text may have to take a few seconds longer to recognize them rather than familiar words which only require a single glance. Tunnel vision alike occurs when readers are asked to read texts that are written in a linguistic communication they do not know or a writing establishment they cant discern. As there is no non-visual information what so ever in that particular language and writing system, they will not be able to read the text, let alone understand it. For example, a Malay student will have a serious problem if requested to read a passage in Russian in that respect are also cases when texts written in readers first langua ge fails to savant them. This is because they have no prior knowledge on the ideas or facts written. A student majoring in Arts will have problem comprehending a text written on Chemical Engineering and vice versa. This of necessity causes tunnel vision to resurface. They could go on reading till the culture page of the text without understanding the content.Tunnel vision slows down the reading process, as readers are unable to identify or interpret any part of the text.

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne Essay examples -- The Boy

A ground in which sr. custody can be degraded and abused, a world in which heap wearing dirty, unwashed, striped uniforms are not seen as organism oppressed, a world in which a starving boy of identical time yet vastly different physique is seen as simply being unfortunate - such a world cannot exist. Or can it? In the world of Bruno, this is precisely the way the world is.John male childnes book The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas invites the readers to embark on an inventive journey at two levels. At the first level, Boyne himself embarks upon an imaginative journey that explores a possible scenario in relation to Auschwitz. Bruno is a 9 year old boy growing up in a loving, but typically authoritarian German family in the 1930?s. His father is a senior war machine officer who is appointed Commandant of Auschwitz ? a promotion that requires upheaval from their favourable home in Berlin to an austere home in the Polish countryside. The fabrication explores Bruno?s difficulty in accepting and adapting to this change - especially the blemish of his friends and grandparents.Boyne gives personality and family to the sort of person who today is generally demonised by western writings - the people who administered and controlled the death camps in which over 6 million Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, and other deemed to be grossly inferior by Hitler and his cohorts. In so doing he encourages us to see a different world ? a world in which obedience is paramount and in which permission figures can never be questioned. He constitutes us the problem that surfaces when people who are trained to be obedient are confronted with orders that, if analysed and considered, can be clearly seen to be an affront to all human values and decency. mint can happily obey ?The Fury? ... ... will inevitably cash in ones chips subsumed by the terrible process.Brunos imaginative journey is a flight from reality. It is a classic example of the psychological fight or flight syndrome e xperient by all animals (including humans) when they are confronted by something of which they are unsure or afraid - something which challenges their current reality. What Boyne does in this story is to use Bruno to show how either approach can be totally destructive the faultfinding lesson is that we must acknowledge reality and do what we can to remove the fences that would end not only ?us? but our entire world.All imaginative journeys lead to a revelation - both Bruno and the readers will come to get wind that their imaginative journeys have transformed them and affected them in indescribable shipway and we, the readers come to a realization as well about what is happening.

Interview with William Golding Essay -- English Literature

Interview with William Golding BBC Studio.Present Leanne Le Poidevin and William GoldingLeanne Le Poidevin is interviewing William Golding astir(predicate) his book,Lord Of The Flies.Leanne Good afternoon Mr. Golding.Mr GoldingGood afternoon to you.LeanneAs we each(prenominal) know, Lord of the flies is about lots of boys trappedon an island. What was the think of coiffeting just boys on the island?Why were there no girls?Mr GoldingAt the time of the book, it was the war. Fighting andarguing was going on around us, and it seemed as though nobody wasreally sane anymore. It started off as beingness happy and positive, andended up being complete madness. Women were at home, doing thehousework, preparation food, you know? They didnt really put on a choice inanything. To be fair, they didnt really have much of a part in common life. This is the image that I tried to portray on theisland. I felt up up up that if Id have put girls on the island, the bookwould not have been so acti on-packed. Girls have a strange habit ofmaking the atmosphere a lot calmer, and I did not want this. I alsofelt it would be hard to know the characters of girls. As a writer, I ascertain it is essential to know your characters well, and because I was a miniature boy, I do not know how a little girl would have felt at thatage. I treasured my characters to be believable, and by putting girls onthe island, I dont think I would have achieved this. I also realisedthat girls go through many problems when they are growing up, and Iwanted my story to be an action one, not one full of relationships, Ie boys and girls. I dont think that the island I wanted to createwould have catered for their teenage needs, shall we say.LeanneYes, I understand. Th... ...ph is his only friend.Leanne Ah. Poor Piggy Why did you put the Beastie idea into theirheads?Mr Golding Well I figured that by having late boys on an island,there would be an element of fear. The most important part of thechapter is when young Simon stands up and tells the group that theBeastie is them. They are scared of themselves because of what theyhave slowly saturnine into. The boys would obviously have been scared inthe night, but I specifically wanted the reader to know that the olderboys were turning into terrifying monsters that the little boyscouldnt handle anymore. They were bloodthirsty scavengers, who justwanted to kill. This was making the young boys insecure.Leanne Well, Thankyou truly much Mr. Golding. That was both genuinelyinteresting and informative. Thats the end of our questions, soThankyou very much.They exit.

ADHD Essay -- Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Upon shadowing a fourth grade teacher at deer Ridge Elementary School, I decided to talk with her about the students in her classroom. Mrs. Riley first set the scene of the school for me by stating that it was in the southwesterly suburban area of Fort Wayne, Indiana, and this particular school was not infliction for money. She then began to explain the different children in her classroom. There were twenty-eight students from a variety of different backgrounds. There were also two students with hyperkinetic syndrome. My first ideal was, What exactly is ADHD? and, Would these two children stick out from the rest of the students in the classroom?. These questions are commonly asked by people who are foreign with ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD children have specific symptoms, in which no one is original as to what causes these symptoms to occur. Some ADHD children do have early(a) problems associate d with this disorder, for character behavioral and social problems. Children with ADHD might stand out from other children, only if they have not had the proper treatment prescribed for them. ADHD is the developmental failure in the brain circuitry that underlies inhibition and self-control (Barkley, 1998), or inability to inhibit thoughts(NIMH, 1996), that affects about five percent of school senesce children (McEwan, 1998). Loss of control and thought may be believed to be caused by certain impaired brain functions that are important for children to maintain attention. The anterior cortex, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus are three parts of the brain that are confused with regulating attention (Barkley, 1998). In a Scientific American article, empower perplexity-Deficit Hypera... ... prudence-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. procurable http//www.sciam.com/1998/0998issue/0998barkleybox3.html. September 1998. Leutwyler, Kristen. Scientific American Analys is Paying Attention. Available http//www.sciam.com/0896issue/0896infocus.html. August 1996. Long, Phillip W., MD. Mental Health A Report of the Surgeon General. lucre Mental Health. Available www.mentalhealth.com. 1995-2000. McEwan, Elaine K. The Principals Guide at Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Thousand Oaks, California Corwin Press, Inc. 1998. National Institute of Mental Health. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Available http//www.HIMH.com. number 96-3572. 1994. National Institute of Mental Health. subtle Brain Circuit Abnormalities Confirmed in ADHD. Available http//www.mhsource.com/hy/brainadhd.html. July 1996.

Whether or Not Macbeth is Deserving of Pity in Shakespeares Play Macbe

In the fail scene of Macbeth, Malcolm describes Macbeth as this dead butcher which could be argued is the outgo course to sum up Macbeths character. The word butcher implies slaughter and brutality. Macbeth is for certain guilty of butchery, the cruel, senseless putting to death of people. Malcolm uses the word butcher to provoke offend memories of Macbeths deeds from the audience. But could Macbeths behavior ever be justified? Could Macbeth ever be pitied or even forgive for the actions he took? Shakespe atomic number 18 chooses to have Malcolm describe Macbeth as this dead butcher for a reason. Clearly, Malcolm loathes Macbeth for killing his father and so his choice of language, such as butcher, go out be biased. This will also sway the audience to dislike Macbeth, because Malcolm is the whizz by saving Scotland. The audience would have wanted to be on the winning side, witch is undoubtedly Malcolms. At this point in the play, I dont think Shakespeare intended the audience to pity or excuse Macbeths deeds. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth started as a well-respected thane but as he rose to power, became a guilty murderer. However, Macbeth was influenced and tricked by many others in the play and I will explain why a trip could therefore be made to defend him.The three witches, or the uncanny sisters, approach Macbeth on a dark day in a Scottish moor. Shakespeare uses the weather to suggest that the witches are evil. The scene, with thunder and lightening, reflects the witches thoughts- which are figure on creating trouble and stirring things up. The weather also predicts a puffy future for Macbeth. The setting, A desolate place immediately sounds eerie and spooky. This shows that the Witches fancy to manipulate Macbeth from th... ...r all he has done. I feel strongly that we are meant to feel pity for Macbeth at the end of the play. I believe that the Shakespearian audience would non have excused Macbeth for the murder of the Macduffs b ut maybe for the murder of banquoe, because it was torture for Macbeth to think becoming king was all for nought if Banquos offspring succeeded the throne after himself. I do not think the audience are meant to regard Macbeth as just a butcher, because of the shame Macbeth clearly feels at the end. Although Macbeth is guilty of the deception of his best friend, his king, as well as his subjects, he can be excused because he was manipulated by many others in the play such as his wife and the witches. I feel that the actual play Macbeth is quite applicable for the 21st centaury. The moral is still significant today. The themes in Macbeth are pertinent too.

Digital Certificates :: Essays Papers

digital CertificatesGeneral IntroductionThe creation of Digital Ids has blend lately a big subscribe since a variety of electronic transaction including e-mail, electronic commerce, groupware and electronic funds transfer have do a part of everyones life especi eithery those that accessing the net makes the basis of their occasional work where nothing can introduce them or identify them except a digital certificate that is authenticated for the server.Thus, in order to bear witness your identity in electronic transactions, just as a device driver license or a passport does in face-to-face interaction, came the aim to create Digital Ids that are instrumental in establishing a gear up channel for communicating any sensitive information back to the server. In this way, every document or data or information displace to friends, associations, firms... are authentic. In more words, Digital Ids are presented to show your repair to access information or online services.Digital Ids are also cognise as certificates. They are issued by certification authority (ca) such as Verisign, that provides besides issuing, revocation and renewing of the certificates. Therefor Digital Ids provide a more complete security solution. A Digital Id typically contains the1- Owners frequent key.2- Owners name.3- Expiration date of the public key.4- Name of the issuer (the certification authority that issued the Id ex Verisign).5- The serial number of the Digital Id.6- Digital signature of the issuer.Types of Certificates.1- Personal Certificates use to identify yourself to the server and to all users.2- Server Certificates designed to protect you and your visitors to your settle, its apply by secure servers who ensure the user that his affiliation is legitime.3- Advantagesa- Authenticate your site A Digital certificate on your server automatically communicates your sites genuineness to visitors web browsers, confirming that the visitor is actually communicati ng with you, and not with a fraudulent site stealing credit card numbers or any personalized information.b- keep private communication private Digital Certificates encrypt the data visitors that exchange with your site to keep it safe from interception or tampering using SSL (Secure Socket Layer) technology, the industry-standard method for protecting web communications.Virtually all web servers and leading browsers, including Netscape Communicator, are optimized and ready for SSL. To activate SSL sessions with visitors to your site, all you need is a Digital Certificate for your sever.c- Identity visitors If visitors to your site use personal Digital Certificates, your server can instantly recognize them, facilitating instant log-in ( and preventing later repudiation of the web transaction ).

Character of Blanche in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire Es

Character of Blanche in Tennessee Williams A trolley Named Desire champion of the best-known dramatic events of our time, Tennessee Williamss A Streetcar Named Desire tells the bill of weaken Southern belle Blanche DuBois and her manages during the Souths post-war changes. Although the play is widely remembered due to its 1951 motion picture version and Marlon Brandos famous bare-chested cry of Stella, it is also a story of a changing South containing characters struggling with the loss of aristocracy to the newfangled American immigrant, the fallout of chivalry to a new mindset of stimulate and desire, and a woman grasping desperately at the last twist of fantasy she can muster. Throughout A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams uses Blanche as a way to critique Southern progress by using her as a symbol for a dark, fundamental existence. When fading Southern belle Blanche Dubois stolon arrives at her sister Stellas apartment, she is already internally dealing with the engagement between desire and gentility. The end of the play is foreshadowed early on as Blanche states, They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride sixer blocks and get off at Elysian handle (15). This statement serves as a metaphor for Blanches life as the mentions of desire, cemeteries, and the Elysian Fields (which symbolize the land of the dead in Greek mythology) describe how her inner desire serves as the catalyst for her social death and expulsion. Blanches narcism and dependence on men also culminate as the play nears its end, as she is taken away from the fantasy she so desperately clings to and dragged into a new world of reality and a New South. Blanches struggle with fantasy and reality serves as on... ... in everyones lives. This statement holds accredited for progress as well without fantasy and dreams there would be no progress. After all, progress is the product of someones fantasy- an idea that was purpose up on a whim. Like Blanche though, progress often has an underlying existence that is very dark. Not all progress is good and Blanche symbolizes this. Williamss comparisons between Blanche and progress serve to show how progress can be a force that precipitates each individuals desperate choices that is, their top executive to throw ideas, love, etc. out into the world in the hopes of moving forward. By unveiling a theme that is still pertinent today, A Streetcar Named Desire makes its mark as a piece of classic literature, which go out be read for generations to come. Works CitedWilliams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire. New York Signet Printing, 1980.

computers :: essays research papers

Computers In Our LivesWith the 21st century rolling reform along the technology world is becoming highly advanced either year. School in America must teach the rudiments of computers in advance computers become too advanced for scholarly persons to even look out the basics. Once the basics of computers atomic number 18 taught in school, then students leave be able to ended a large percentage of assignments over the computer. There are ternion basic functions that computers entrust do to help education. Computers pull up stakes help students to go through learning material in an efficient authority. Computers will every(prenominal)ow students to execute more work using quick research and will allow for increased learning during the students education. Computers will allow students to prepare for the new way of life in which computers will be use in either profession. The computer has an endless supply of possible education aids. Students will be able to research any topic over the computer and the Internet. With all assignments given, all work bum be done over the computers. Students can take tests over the computer, they can concluded math problems and, of course, students can complete writing assignments. The more students use computers, the quicker work will be completed.Students will be able to do all the research they neediness without leaving their seat. Students can learn about anything they want using the computer, which will lead to for an advanced education. The more a student researches, the more the student will learn about computers. With education switching to computers, students will learn at an efficient rate and will learn more material. Computers are used for research, writing out ideas, and then typing the paper, which makes writing document easier for the students and more assignments can be given.With the new way of life quickly changing, computers are going to be needed for everything. In America computers will be the basis of every profession. Computer will be used to write up information, to check background information for police officers, and will be used to even issue look for licenses at fishing stores. If computers are not used daily in school, then the wreak for the future of the student will not be completed.

A Boys View of Playland :: Amusement Parks Essays

A Boys View of Playland approximately anyone enjoys an amusement park. Whether we delight in being jolted and swung by well-nigh wild ride, or enjoy the quieter pleasure of munching a candy apple while the younger ones squeal their way round and round, we feel a natural attraction for such a place. But none that I have seen as an adult, from Disneyland to Six Flags, measures up to my boyhood memories of Whitneys Playland at the Beach in San Francisco. Playland was wonderful because of the rides, the exhibits, and most of all, the people.Obviously, exciting rides are a boys first retire in an amusement park, and Playland offered almost more stimulation than I could stand. The caper House featured a giant rolling barrel to give-up the ghost and tumble through, a huge flat wheel that flung riders into the wall, and a hardwood skid about four stories high. Near the Fun House was the Diving Bell, a converted Navy rescue cylinder that descended thirty fe et into a shark-filled armoured combat vehicle of seawater and exploded back up again, creating a miniature typhoon every five minutes or so. But nothing matched the Ride in the Clouds, a scarlet roller coaster whose roar and clatter were audible a block away, even over the pounding of the surf. Walter Sparks and I had to work up our courage a long time before we dared ride that one. Finally, though, we frame ourselves in the second pair of seats from the front, rumbling up sometime(prenominal) the sign that said RIDE AT YOUR OWN RISK, and watching the cyclorama of sky and sea. Then the coaster tipped over into a heart-stopping dive, plunging down, down, until we had knifed underground into a roaring tunnel that blasted us skyward again. The next broadsheet offered almost as good a view as the first, if precisely our eyes had been open. When the ride was over we stepped shakily out, grateful to be vivacious and ready to brag in school on Monday.Quieter, but no less int eresting, were Playlands exhibits. A favorite was the Crime Does Not Pay building, which contained sick of(p) artifacts from mans brutal past. I would linger in the gloomy halls of

the atomic bomb :: essays research papers

The Atomic Bomb was used much as a weapon of surrender upon the people of japan than it was used as a display of power towards the Soviets in 1945. The Japanese military had already shown an unwillingness to surrender throughout the war, and this feeling was made famous by their infamous use of suicide pilots, called kamikazes. They had 5,000,000 troops scattered throughout the Pacific field of study of Operations, and an American invasion of the Japanese homeland would nourish lasted until late 1946 at the least, resulting in no less than 1,000,000 American deaths, according to Secretary of contend Henry L. Stimson. Although much(prenominal) an invasion was the initial plan of action, after examination of the Manhattan project in New Mexico was completed, the Atomic Bomb seemed to be a quicker solution to an already drawn out war. Although people such as James Byrne and General Arnold believed that the surrender of the Japanese was imminent, I dupet think that this was the case. Yes, we had done sufficient damage to their mainland already with pompous bombs, crippling their shipping routes and their military. They were in no state to continue a war, but this doesnt mean that they wouldnt have implemented every possible way to end American lives. I am not quick to think that a nation which is willing to go to such extremes for victory as Japan was willing to go through was on the brink of surrender. Byrne predicted that the war would have only taken 6 more months to end conventionally, but I doubt that the American military would have been able to conquer an empire with the willpower of Japan in a mere 6 months. And even if this was the case, as I stated before, American casualties would reach 7 digits in the conquest, numbers that would cripple the American rescue even after the war was to be over. And finally, I think chair Harry S. Trumans radio address in August 1945 essentially outlines that the dropping of the bomb was somewhat morally accept able. President Truman states that he believes that if Japan was in our position and they had the bomb, they would not have even thought twice before using it. He reminds the people that the bomb was dropped on the equivalent people who surprise attacked us at Pearl Harbor in December 1941, and the same people who tortured so many of our P.

Cats Cradle Essay -- Cats Cradle Vonnegut Essays

The Human VaccinationModern medicine has proved that the outperform way to prevent the contraction of a disease for homophiles is to stick in a tolerable amount of the virus into the host and let the individuals tolerant system build a defense capable of withstanding future invasions of the kindred strand. The small pox vaccination, for example, has eliminated the disease from almost every nation on Earth. But what if the disease is psychological, a way of being or pronounce of mind rather than a physical aberration? My interpretation of Vonneguts dictation to poison minds with humanity to encourage them to go for a better population leads me to think that he would approach the problem with the same method. Inject fair a bit of stupidity, naivet, and prideful ignorance directly into the cerebellum so that, hopefully, gradually, humanity pass on wean themselves of these traits.The technique must be subtle. The needle and syringe must appear nonthreatening or no one will tak e it. wherefore disguise the needle with cynicism and satire. The idea is to present forms of unwanted human style that all of us possess and practice throughout our daily lives and make the reader aware of them. Show the reader humans being human and make them aware of all the stupid, silly, rude things we do and say everyday. construe the ignorance of Miss Pefko, who neither finds comprehension the very antithesis of magic nor understands the meaning of the vocalize antithesis, the rude curtness of Marvin Breed and Philip Castle, and the duping of the entire population of the Bokonon religion found not on God, but upon socialism and lies. Cats Cradle is full of characters that queer very human, very unwanted traits. By recognizing these traits and consciously thinking about... ...niverse, he his painting a clear picture of the pitfalls of life. It is very clear that in Cats Cradle, Vonnegut views religion and science as an excuse to not be creditworthy for individual actio ns. The Episcopalian woman in Newport believed that by knowing God, she knew everything, and only lacked the ability to read a blueprint (13). Dr. Hoenikker hid behind that faade of science so that an institution could carry the burden of his inventions, and Jonah blamed Bokonon for the freshet suicide, never once mentioning that each individual had a choice of whether or not to kill themselves (182).Vonneguts use of satire coats the poisonous pen utilize to show his readers the inescapable consequences of stupidity and arrogance. Displaying the darkness and destruction of mankind allows his readers to travel to where changes can be made that would allow a better domain to emerge.

Matilda :: essays research papers

MatildaDirected by Danny DeVitoMatilda is a family comedy which takes ordinate somewhere in the USA during the nineties.Matilda is a brilliant girl unheeded by her stupid, self-involved parents. Ignored at home, Matilda takes interest in yarn and she develops telekinetic powers. Eventually, her insensitive parents send her to a work run by the wild shed Trunchbull. Matilda befriends her schoolteacher, Miss Honey. She soon realizes Matildas talents, exclusively is later amazed to follow out the full extent of Matildas powers.I think that Matilda is the most colorful office in the movie. Matilda is very independent for her age, due to her parents irresponsibility, and she manages to keep her head up and not let her parents put her down. The young actress, Mara Wil password, does a owing(p) performance with her interpretation of Matilda. I believe that she makes the character come to life.Matildas family is the kind of family youd never wish to squander. Her father, Harry, an d mother, Zinnia, are both conceited and dont care about anyone but themselves, except Michael of course, their son and Matildas older brother. He is a spoilt brat whos mean to Matilda and who cares to cause trouble. Miss Trunchbull is the vicious principal who hates the pupils in the school especially Matilda after Harry sold a car to Miss Trunchbull and she discovered its not in good condition. Miss Honey, Matildas teacher, must be the most wonderful person in the full movie. Shes one of those teachers youd be really lucky to have and shes a complete opposite to Miss Trunchbull. The special set up in the movie contain flying objects. Most of them are unuttered to see just how they are done, which in other productions can be quite obvious and might ruin the whole film. Personally, I like the movie. It is funny at some points where you cant help but smile or laugh.

A Noble Cause :: Short Stories Violence Crime Essays

A Noble CauseThe three young punks had been walking checkmate a street in their neighborhood looking for whatever they could procure their detainment on and generally up to no earnest, when they stumbled upon an old universe lying on the curb. Hey, check the old dude down on the curb. Lets see what the ol guys got gibed one of the three ruffians. Yeahhh agreed another, grinning from atrial auricle to ear like a hyena at the sight of fresh meat. switch it said Rick, the leader of the pack. He might be Five-O Net, go everyw present there and turn him around. Lets see what he looks like. Ernesto, or Net or Neto, as he was known by his close friends, did as he was told and using his leg as a lever, cautiously turned the homo over, and immediately the man started convulsing and cough violently, taking Net by amazement and causing him to stumble back. The man continued his violent coughing for a while, and then muttered something incoherently. He opened his eyes and looked aroun d dazed and confused, barely the glare from the sun was too bright, so he used his hands to shield himself with. Then he started coughing again, but this time the coughing turned into full-blown retching, making the three young punks turn aside in disgust. After the man finished, Net, who was closest to the man, gave him a quick, hard chuck up the sponge to the groin. The man yelled out in pain, grabbing his crotch and writhing on the ground -then he began to vomit all over again. Damn, Net, what did you do that for? asked Rick. home run pissed me off Now it smells like bullshit around here Yeah, well you just made him vomit again, DICKHEAD Dont mess with him again, image? Rick said angrily, as he approached the man for a nearer look. The man appeared to be genuinely drunk, but police undercover cops were good at disguising themselves and going through elaborate charades in order to assoil street arrests. Come on, Rick, man, lets see what hes got, said the middle of the ruff ians, Johnny, itching to nourish his hands on the man, and eyeing the mans gold diamond ring with special interest. count Ive got to be sure this dudes not 5-0 Rick, man, he just vomited all his crap out He aint no 5-0 Look at him, hes just a drunk ol dude

Inherit the Wind- Freedom to Think Essay -- essays research papers

Inherit the Wind, based on the famous Scopes Monkey running in the small townspeople Dayton, Tennessee, was written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee. The bestow was non intended to depict the actual history or the proceedings in the Scopes trial but it was used as a vehicle for exploring favorable anxiety and ant-intellectualism that existed in the Americas during the1950s. Lawrence and Lee wrote the play as a solution to the threat to intellectual freedom presented by the anti-Communist hysteria of the McCarthy era. The major themes depicted in the Inherit the Wind include the intellectual curiosity, narrow-mindedness or limited perception, the importance of religion, and the relationship between the perception of others and ego-worth portrayed by the characters in the play. The characters include Henry Drummond, Matthew Harrison Brady, E.K Hornbeck, Bert Cates and Rachel Brown they represented the ideas and ways of persuasion that existed then and now.Inherit the Wind took place in the small town of Hillsboro in which the time was not too long ago. Bert Cates, a untried teacher, who is imprisoned in the jail for teaching ontogenesis to his high instruct biology class. The Reverends daughter and Cates fiance, Rachel, urges Cates to tell the town what he did was ill-timed and he is sorry however, the town firmly believes that Cates is wrong and awaiting for Matthew Harrison Brady to come to town to prosecute Cates. Brady is a three time presidential candidate and firm believer in the Bible. The town hung a streamer Read your Bible on courthouse and paraded the streets enthusiastically singing Give me that stylish religion when Brady arrives into town. Also arriving in Hillsboro, is E.K Hornbeck of the Baltimore Herald, who is cynical reporter and comments on everything. Hornbeck informs Brady that he will be arguing against Henry Drummond in court. The town sees Drummond as the devils advocate. Drummond arrives in town with little notice and is shunned by the people in town. In the course of the trial, Brady starts out confidently and chooses witnesses who profess strong unearthly belief. Brady calls for Rachel to be on the witness stand and twists her words about what Cates has told her. Meanwhile, the label excludes all Drummonds scientific witness on the grounds of evolution itself is not on trial. D... ...will appeal the case however, his victory is setting an ensample for others who choose to think. It will make it easier for the next person. Cates finds a new liveliness with Rachel away from the small town Hillsboro. The trial in Hillsboro is an allegory for the slip in the 1950s. In the 50s, the government condemns people who supported communism thus leading to the censorious climate of McCarthyism. In addition to the witch-hunt and anti-Communist hysteria, regional conflicts between northern and southern states in the east of America. Laurence and Lee wrote the play to parallel some of conflicts of idea and subtly review them to the people. It was the method of exploring the major themes in the theses conflicts between intellectuals and believers, thinkers vs. narrow mindedness, and the relationship between the perception of others and self worth. Ultimately, Inherit the Wind encourages the right to think and the freedom of thought. In the fight the value of free thought and speech upon which this country is built, nothing is obtained notwithstanding like the situation in which Brady attacks his own house and inherits the windnothing.