Question: How the concentration of acid (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)? Essay

How the parsimony of acid (HCl) can be formd by titrating it using base (NaOH)?Chemicals needed1- Phenolphthalein (color indicator).2- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration of 0.5 molar.3- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), with unknown concentration.Equipments needed1- Flask.2- Pipette (uncertainty 0.05cm3).3- Burette (uncertainty 0.05cm3).4- PH meter.5- Gloves, lab coat and plastic eye protection.Steps1- Add a known peck of HCl using pipette in the flask.2- Add 2 swings of phenolphthalein in the flask using the pipette.3- Shake the flask until the color changes to red.4- Start to add NaOH on the HCl, drop by drop.5- After each drop shake the flask to accomplish the mixing of the acid with the base.6- Take readings of PH time value using the PH meter, afterwards each drop.7- When HCl color turns to blue, immediately stop adding NaOH, this indicates the neutralization target.8- To be sure that HCl is neutralized add few drops of NaOH on HCl.9- Repeat the experiment to obtain more than accurate info.Data collection and processingThe table below shows the values of PH recorded over the five trials and indicates the neutralization point at a specific chroma of NaOH added(1.0) table shows the data collected during the trialsBelow is the table produced after changing the volume of NaOH to the better measurable unit, also after adding the PH values for each volume added of NaOH then divide them by the number of trials to come out with the average PH value.(1.1) table showing the processed dataAverage PH value0.019313.30.019413.40.019513.50.019613.50.019713.50.019813.50.019913.30.020007.30.020101.70.020201.50.020301.3The graph below shows the graphical relationship between volume of NaOH added in dm3 versus average PH valueAs calculated at the neutralization point which is nearly equal to 7, the volume of NaOH added is approximately 0.0250 (0.0000450) dm3To calculate the concentration of base, it is most enviable to use the equation belowNow substituting the concent ration, also volume of the acid (HCl) and the volume added of the base (NaOH), then0.6 Molar polish and evaluation-Conclusion It is concluded that the concentration of HCl in the lab that all the trials occurred in is 0.6 Molar. It is concluded that titration of acid using base must be repeated many time to accomplish more accurate results.Evaluation The usage of a digital PH meter may affect the accuracy of the data, as it produces systematic errors. The volume of phenolphthalein may play a role on the volume of HCl in the flask. Concentration of NaOH may not be exactly 0.5 molar as there might be impurities. The PH value as shown from the data collected is changing at a high manner near to the neutralization point therefore it is not easy to know the precise concentration of NaOH. Calculating the PH value to indicate the rate of reaction, is not precise, because the PH has a logarithmic function not a linear function, then there will be a small change in the PH value patch ther e will be big change of H+.Improvements Using a digital instrument to drop exactly 1.0 cm3 in each drop. Using a base with primary standard to titrate HCl may be more accurate to indicate the value of it is concentration. Using a pipette with less uncertainty may help in improving the data collected. Using a burette with less uncertainty can determine more accurate results.